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Cheat Sheet for Selenium Automation

This cheat sheet has examples on common methods used in Selenium Automation. Suggestion is to learn Core Java before moving to Selenium Automation. If you already know Java then Selenium is peanut for you. Although Selenium supports various programming languages (C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python & Ruby etc..) but this cheat sheet has exmples using only Java.

Loading a web page in current browser window

Here is a list of possible ways to load web page

driver.get(java.lang.String)
driver.navigate().to(java.lang.String)
driver.navigate().to(java.net.URL)

Navigation

Here is a list of possible ways to navigate back or forward

Driver.Navigate().Back()
Driver.Navigate().Forward()

Refresh page

refresh() is the only method to refresh page in selenium


Driver.Navigate().Refresh()

Window Title

Window title get be obtained using getTitle() method

driver.getTitle()

Current URL

Current url can be obtained using method getCurrentUrl()

driver.getCurrentUrl()

Page Source

Whole page source be collected using getPageSource() method

driver.getPageSource()

Locating web elements

driver.findElement(org.openqa.selenium.By)

driver.findElements(org.openqa.selenium.By)

Inspecting elements in web browsers

Firefox

Chrome
IE

Finding element by id

driver.findElement(By.id(”some_id”));

Finding element by Class Name

driver.findElement(By.className(”some_class_name”));

Finding Element by Linktext

driver.findElement(By.linkText(”Sign in”));
driver.findElement(By.partiallinkText(”Sign”))

Finding name by Name

driver.findElement(By.name(”password”));
<input id=”modCustLoginPassword” name=”password”>

Find element by tagName

Email address
driver.findElement(By.tagName(”label”));

Find elment by Support Classes

Return all that matches each of the locators in sequence

driver.findElements(new ByChained(by1, by2))

Return all that matches any of the locators in sequence

driver.findElements(new ByAll(by1, by2))

Find element by CSS Selector

Absolute path

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”html>body>div>p>input”));

Relative path

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”input”));

Attribute selection

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”button[name]”));

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”button[name=‚cancel’]”));

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”img:not[alt]”));

Id selection

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”#save”));

Class selection

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”.login”));

Combined selection

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”button#save”));

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”input.login”));

First matching child of the specified tag

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”div#students:first-child”));

Nth matching child of the specified tag

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”#loginForm:nth-child(3)”));

First matching enabled tag

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(”button:enabled”));

Finding element by XPath

Absolute path

driver.findElement(By.xpath(”html/body/p/input”));

Relative path

driver.findElement(By.xpath(”//input”));

Attribute selection

driver.findElement(By.xpath(”//input[@id=’username’]”));
driver.findElement(By.xpath(”//*[@id=’myId’]”))

Element interrogation

element.getText();
element.getAttribute();
element.getTagName();
element.isDisplayed();
lement.isEnabled();
element.isSelected(); -> checkbox is selected or not
selectElement.isMultiple(); -> multi select listbox or not
selectElement.getOptions(); -> listbox select options

Click

element.click() – Button – Link – Checkbox – Combobox

Submit

form.submit() – Form

Shift + Click

Actions(driver).keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(element).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).build().perform();

Special Actions

Actions(driver).moveToElement(element).build().perform();

Actions(driver).contextClick().build().perform();

Actions(driver).doubleClick().build().perform();

Actions(driver).clickAndHold().build().perform();

Actions(driver).release().build().perform();

Type text

element.sendKeys(”string”)

Clear text

element.clear()

Listbox Selection

new Select(element).selectByIndex(elementCount)

Listbox Manipulating Commands

select[ByIndex, ByVisibleText, ByValue]
deselect[ByIndex, ByVisibleText, ByValue]
deselectAll()

Page Load Timeout

Sets the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete
Global setting of the Webdriver object
Negative value means indefinite wait time

driver.manage().timeouts(). pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Implicit Wait

Specifies the waiting time for element not immediately visible
Global setting of the Webdriver object
0 by default

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Explicit Wait

Waiting for a certain condition
Thread.sleep(1000);

WebDriverWait class

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TIME_OUT);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.method);

ExpectedConditions methods

presenceOfElementLocated(By locator)

textToBePresentInElement(WebElement element, java.lang.String text)

titleContains(java.lang.String title)

visibilityOf(WebElement element)

invisibilityOfElementLocated(By locator)

elementToBeSelected(WebElement element)

elementToBeClickable(By locator)

Window Handling

Size

driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();
driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();
driver.manage().window().setSize(Dimension d);
driver.manage().window().maximize();

Position

driver.manage().window().getPosition()..getX();
driver.manage().window().getPosition()..getY();
driver.manage().window().setPosition(Point p);

Handles

String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
Iterator windowIterator = browser.getWindowHandles();

HandlesSwitch To

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);

How to take Screenshots in Selenium

Advantages

Keep track of changing UI
Store pages with error

Example

File screenshot =((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File(fileSource));